Notably, Chen et al. (2012) discovered that silymarin at a dose of 100 mg/kg significantly down-regulates transforming growth factor-beta 1(TGF-β), activator protein-1 (AP-1), α-SMA, MMP-2, MMP-13, collagen-α1 (COL-α1), TIMP-1, TIMP-2 and krueppel-like factor 6 (KLF6) expressions in a thioacetamide-induced hepatotoxicity rat model [44]. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is hepatotoxicity.