The NLRP3 inflammasome is essential for host immune defenses against bacterial, fungal, and viral infections; however, when dysregulated, it has also been linked to the pathogenesis of several inflammatory disorders including cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes (CAPS), Alzheimer’s disease, diabetes, gout, autoinflammatory diseases and atherosclerosis [25]. The gene discussed is NLRP3; the disease is cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome.