In the context of CDI, the pyrin inflammasome can be activated by sensing the inactive state of Rho GTPases, which are in turn inactivated by toxins A and B. The action of the inflammasome results in the release of pro-IL-1β and IL-8 from the pores of the cytoplasmic membrane [38]. The gene discussed is IL1B; the disease is clostridium difficile infection.