PTPA and neoplasm: MC are considered to be tumor promoters and possible human carcinogens, primarily acting through the binding to and inhibition of protein serine/threonine phosphatases, PP1 and PP2A, which induces hyperphosphorylation of intracellular proteins and abnormal signaling in multiple pathways leading to cytoskeleton alterations, lipid peroxidation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, impaired DNA repair, and cellular proliferation [2,3].