Current practice for HCC surveillance includes biannual liver ultrasonography with or without serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) as recommended by the American Association for the Study of the Liver Diseases (AASLD), Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver (APASL), and European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL) [17,18]. The gene discussed is AFP; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.