The AUROC curve of PIVKA-II (0.905, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.849 to 0.945, p < 0.0001) was higher than that of AFP (0.869, 95% CI, 0.807 to 0.916, p < 0.0001), but their combination gave the highest AUROC value (0.911, 95% CI, 0.856 to 0.950, p < 0.0001) in differentiating HCC from NMHR. This evidence concerns the gene AFP and hepatocellular carcinoma.