PDCD1 and cancer: In a basic experiment using a mouse model of renal carcinoma, CA combined with anti-PD-1 antibody demonstrated a greater immunoenhancing effect than that of the anti-PD-1 antibody alone [35], and in a clinical trial of basal cell carcinoma, the combination of imiquimod (TLR7/8 agonist) and CA was associated with a five-year recurrence-free survival rate of 91% [36].