A variety of mice and cell line-based studies have associated TLR4 overexpression with HCC development [14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22], while, in humans, most studies have shown increased expression of TLR4 in HCCs, especially in more aggressive types, even though this finding is not ubiquitous [13,23,24,25,26,27]. The gene discussed is TLR4; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.