The role of microRNAs in CFTR regulation is well-established and has been recently explored by several research groups in different experimental model systems, including CF primary bronchial epithelial cells in vitro or bronchial brushings ex vivo [31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50]. The gene discussed is CFTR; the disease is cystic fibrosis.