By assessing ALS mutation carriers (C9orf72, SOD1, and TARDBP), sporadic ALS and controls identified several proteins that were upregulated, including UCHL1, MAP2, CAPG, GPNMB, HIST1H4A, HIST1H2B, NEFL, NEFH, NEFM, CHIT1, and CHI3L1 in both spinal cord and CSF in ALS [52]. This evidence concerns the gene GPNMB and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.