Other studies have also demonstrated the upregulation of chitotriosidase, chitinase-3 like protein 1, chitotriosidase-3 like protein 2, chitotriosidase-1 (CHIT1), alpha-1-antichymotrypsin, and amyloid beta A4 protein [56,59,81] in ALS. This evidence concerns the gene SERPINA3 and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.