Based on the knowledge that the underlying mechanism of Tac-associated PTDM is supposed to directly affect insulin secretion in pancreatic β-cells rather than inducing insulin resistance as an underlying mechanism for Tac-associated PTDM [9,10], we modeled the effects of slow and fast Tac metabolism on insulin-producing pancreatic cells (INS-1 cells) in vitro. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is Insulin resistance.