Double-labeling immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy have revealed that neuronal Hb α and β chains are reduced in about 80% of the α-synuclein-deposited dopaminergic neurons in SN and vulnerable neurons of the medulla oblongata containing abnormal α-synuclein-immunoreactive small inclusions or Lewy pathology (LP) in postmortem brains of PD patients [53]. This evidence concerns the gene GSTM1 and Parkinson disease.