Over-expression of ADAR1p110 wt isoform showed a negative effect on the expression levels of COL3A1 (p < 0.05) and SMAD2 (p < 0.05) (Figure 7B,C) in both control and IPF fibroblasts, however, ADARp150 wt showed an increased effect in the expression of COL3A1 in normal and IPF fibroblasts (p < 0.0001) (Figure 7B). The gene discussed is SMAD2; the disease is idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.