IL6 and ischemia: Ischemia–reperfusion (IR) in the rat small intestine (60 min of ischemia and 60 min of reperfusion) resulted in increases in plasma intestinal fatty-acid-binding protein (I-FABP), endotoxin (ET), L-lactate (D-LA), and mRNA levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1-β (IL-1-β) [11].