IFNG and autoimmune hepatitis: [3] A study showed that serum total vitamin D levels were significantly lower in patients with severe necro-inflammatory activity (12.4 ng/mL vs. 16.8 ng/mL; p = 0.0017) [93]; by contrast, levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ and IL-33) were significantly higher in AIH patients with serum total Vitamin D levels of <15 ng/mL (IFN-γ: 0.21 vs. 0 pg/mL, p = 0.0181; IL-33: 26.54 vs. 13.13 pg/mL, p = 0.0036).