They have revealed that the expression of hsa-miR-3909 was significantly downregulated in the plasma of patients with rheumatic heart disease, and that the result of the hsa-miR-3909 downregulation enhanced the IL1 pathway induced by interleukin 1 receptor type 1 (IL1R1), the target gene of hsa-miR-3909. Here, IL1R1 is linked to rheumatic heart disease.