TNF and colitis: It has been also reported that EVs from thapsigargin (TSG-EV)-treated Warton’s jelly-derived MSC intraperitoneally injected ameliorated experimental colitis decreasing (or at least maintain similarly) pro-inflammatory factors expression (IFNγ, TNFα, and IL-1β) and inducing anti-inflammatory factors secretion such as TGFβ, COX-2 and IDO, up to 15 fold for this latter [292], which can induce the development of regulatory T cells and M2-type macrophages [293].