TNF and ulcer disease: hAMSC transplantation significantly decreased the number of neutrophils, attenuated acute inflammation, suppressed the expression levels of inflammatory mediators in the colons; in the TNBS-CM gel group ulcers were shallow and bleeding was not detected, therefore improved endoscopic score. In the gel group mRNA expression levels of TNF-Alpha, CXCL1, CCL2 and IL-6 were increased.