AHR and leukemia: More recent studies have shown that BA is able to selectively suppress the growth of three leukemia cell lines, Kasumi-1, HL-60, and THP-1, through superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD-2) suppression and the subsequently increased ROS generation, which lead to aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) activation and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) suppression.