HMGB1 and viral hepatitis: The results of an in vitro study and an in vivo murine viral hepatitis model demonstrated that the inhibition of HMGB1 pathway is also involved in the GA antiviral activity; GA effectively suppressed the HMGB1 release and its consequent induction of inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IP-10, IL-17A, and IL-22 [160].