Given that HNF1α and RelA/p65 are coordinately downregulated by clofibrate in the livers of CRF rats (Figure 9), it is likely that in our experimental model of CKD, clofibrate inhibits HNF1α gene expression, leading to the downregulation of genes encoding RelA/p65 and the inhibition of the NF–κB signaling pathway, which finally downregulates the expression of the studied adhesion molecules, chemokines, and cytokines (Figure 9). Here, NFKB1 is linked to chronic kidney disease.