IL18 and COVID-19: In this study, multiplex analysis revealed that 22 out of 47 analyzed cytokines, including pro-(such as IL-6, IL-18, TNF α, IFN α2) and anti-inflammatory (such as IL-1RA, IL-10, and IL-27) cytokines, multiple pro-inflammatory chemokines (IP-10, MCP-1, MIP-1a, MIG, IL-8, eotaxin, GROa), mediators of cell proliferation and differentiation (M-CSF, G-CSF, EGF, TGF α, IL-3, IL-15), as well as Th1 (IFN γ), Th2 (IL-5), Th17 (IL-17F) cells were significantly elevated in both groups of patients with COVID-19 compared to HDs.