REN and myeloid sarcoma: Although increased SNS and decreased dopaminergic tone can induce an immune and metabolic tissue PO/PI state that potentiates MS and CVD, it is also true that MS components (including hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, elevated plasma FFA levels, increased renin–angiotensin system activity, hypertension, elevated plasma thrombin, endothelin 1, and angiotensin 2 levels, and obesity) feedback to potentiate the PO/PI state within both immune and non-immune cell types.