Mutations in ACTC1 have been phenotypically related to various cardiac anomalies including dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM), left ventricular non-compaction (LVNC), HCM, and congenital heart disease (CHD) [44,45,46]. This evidence concerns the gene ACTC1 and familial dilated cardiomyopathy.