Genetic alterations of these genes (CBFB, RUNX1, RUNX2, and RUNX3) can alter normal binding to DNA by CBF, thus resulting in a failure of hematopoiesis or hematologic malignancies, particularly acute myeloid leukemia (AML) [8,9,10,11,12,13]. The gene discussed is RUNX3; the disease is acute myeloid leukemia.