Animal studies suggest that this mechanism is responsible for the high sensitivity of intestinal epithelial cells for TNF-induced killing but could also be operative in the cell death occurring after acute kidney injury or to pathogen-induced hyperinflammation in patients suffering on X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) deficiency [160,161,162,163]. This evidence concerns the gene XIAP and hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia, familial, 4.