In accordance with the notion that the alternative NFκB pathway and therefore also TRAF2 and TRAF3 act as tumor suppressors in B-cells, mice with B-cells deficient in TRAF3 expression demonstrate prolonged B-cell survival and develop spontaneous B-cell lymphoma at a higher age [231,232]. This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma.