LOXL2 and neoplasm: LOXL2, in particular, leads to the stiffening of PDAC tissues by promoting the cross-linking of collagen fibers, and increases the secretion of related factors (such as exosomes) in primary tumor tissues, which leads to ECM remodeling or stromal cell recruitment, and promotes the formation of an ecological niche before secondary organ metastasis, and ultimately promotes metastatic formation [132].