CAFs have been shown to secrete immunosuppressive ligands such as TGF-β [55,56,57,58] and CXCL12 [13,59,60], which can prevent cytotoxic T-cell activity and migration into the tumor and recruit immunosuppressive populations such as MDSCs and neutrophils [61,62,63]. Here, CXCL12 is linked to neoplasm.