Prostate cancer cells secreted TGFβ1 and recruited BM-MSCs into the TME. This in turn led to an elevated secretion of TGFβ1 in cancer-educated BM-MSCs. Blocking TGFβ1 reduced the recruitment of BM-MSCs into the tumor as well as their trans-differentiation. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is prostate cancer.