TNF and neoplasm: These secreted factors include TGFβ, PDGF, FGF, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), VEGF, tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), interferon-γ (IFNγ), CXCL12, IL-6, connective tissue growth factor (CTGFβ), EGF, growth arrest-specific protein 6 (GAS6), galectin-1, secreted frizzled-related protein 1 (SFRP1), sonic hedgehog protein (SHH), and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), which are tumor-promoting (Figure 1) [6].