This effect was shown to be produced by a small number of STAT3-induced granulocytic MDSCs (gMDSCs; also known as polymorphonuclear MDSCs [171]) with high expression of Arg1 and anti-inflammatory Th2 cytokines, such as IL-10 and TGF-β, [174], indicating that STAT3 promotes a precancerous host defense response during ulcerative colitis. This evidence concerns the gene STAT3 and ulcerative colitis.