A phase II clinical trial tested chemotherapy and bevacizumab (an anti-VEGA antibody) with or without vismodegib in metastatic colorectal cancer patients; the trial found no response or survival benefit with the addition of vismodegib nor did expression of SMO, GLI1, or PTCH1 mRNA in tumor tissue predict a response [160]. This evidence concerns the gene GLI1 and neoplasm.