CCL2 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: In fact, several inflammatory markers, such as C-reactive protein (CRP), IL-6, monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), and TNF-α, have been found to be elevated in patients with NAFLD and even more exacerbated in patients with NASH compared to healthy controls, independent of obesity and other confounding factors.