To investigate whether physical therapies for sarcopenia modulate the inflammation that is associated with sarcopenia, and to investigate which mechanisms drive this effect, we analyzed pro (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-18) and anti (IL-10)-inflammatory cytokines, as well as the neurotransmitters norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin, in sixty sarcopenic patients who underwent a specifically-designed rehabilitation program, at the beginning and at the end of the rehabilitation. This evidence concerns the gene IL1B and sarcopenia.