AFP and bladder urachal adenocarcinoma: Other serum biomarkers described in low case numbers of urachal adenocarcinomas include lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) [41], cancer antigen 15-3 (CA15-3) [29,49,60], AFP [4,24,32,47,48,49] and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) [60,61,62,63,64].