NPPB and cardiac hypertrophy: Among the cardiac gene reprogramming during the pathological cardiac remodeling, there is reactivation of “fetal” cardiac genes; such genes encoding atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), fetal isoforms of contractile proteins (skeletal α-actin and β-myosin heavy chain), fetal-type cardiac ion channels and some smooth muscle proteins (smooth muscle α-actin and smooth muscle 22α) are robust markers of cardiac hypertrophy and pathological cardiac remodeling [3].