Conversely, the levels in the aqueous humour of several proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines as IL-2, IL-6, IL-13, IL-18, IFN-γ, TNF, soluble ICAM-1 (also known as CD54), C-C motif chemokine 5 (CCL5, also known as RANTES) and C-X-C motif chemokine 10 (CXCL10, also known as IP-10) were considerably higher in 11 children with JIA-associated uveitis compared to controls without uveitis [23]. Here, TNF is linked to juvenile idiopathic arthritis.