NOD2 and Crohn disease: NOD2 sequence variants have been associated with Crohn’s disease and this gene is now considered an “IBD candidate gene” that can be categorized into microbial sensing to activate autophagy pathways [70]; more recently, NOD2 has been also related to NOD2-associated autoinflammatory disease (NAID), a new entity characterized by infiltrated skin lesions, febrile recurrent episodes, arthritis, and gastrointestinal symptoms [71].