The above-mentioned properties of both clot formation and resolution, with vWF as an initiator of clot formation and X-FIB as a marker of clot resolution, led to the hypotheses that high plasma levels of these neo-epitope biomarkers reflecting vWF formation (VWF-N) and activation (VWF-A), and of fibrin clot resolution (X-FIB) at the time of acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD) were associated with future MACE. This evidence concerns the gene VWF and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.