RARA and leukemia: Other WHO-defined leukemias, such as AML with myelodysplasia-related changes (AML-MRC), therapy-related AML, blast-phase chronic myeloid leukemia, or AML with balanced translocations, such as core-binding leukemia [t(8;21), inv(16)] and PML-RARA t(15;17), are excluded from MPAL; this is because it has been recognized that these types of leukemia can present with an MPAL immunophenotype.