TOLLIP and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: Large, multicenter cohort studies have demonstrated that genotypic assessment significantly influences the disease progression rate and prognosis of ILD patients [41,42] and, accordingly, it may also affect, in a positive or negative way, the clinical response to antifibrotic drugs; this suggestion is indirectly supported by the evidence that N-acetylcysteine, a non-approved drug for IPF, showed beneficial effects in a specific subcohort of patients characterized by a specific single nucleotide polymorphism within the TOLLIP gene [43].