NCOA4 and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: In addition, Nuclear Receptor Coactivator 4 (NCOA4)-mediated ferritin selective autophagy (ferritinophagy) in response to CS treatment has been observed in COPD as a consequence of the altered homeostasis in iron; in fact the CS-induced ferroptosis plays a critical role in COPD pathogenesis [204] (Figure 3).