NFE2L2 and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Consistently, a recent work reported reduced levels of NFE2 Like BZIP Transcription Factor 2 (Nrf-2) and LAMP2A in the small airway epithelial cells of COPD patients with respect to non-COPD lungs, indicating that impaired CMA is associated with COPD pathogenesis through the enhancement of UPR-mediated apoptosis [218] (Figure 3).