CF airway cells exposed to pathogens showed the increased expression and interaction of the ER protein Vesicle-Associated Membrane Protein-Associated Protein B (VAPB) and the OMM Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Interacting Protein 51 (PTPIP51), resulting in the tightening of tethers and the concomitant impairment of the selective autophagic responses, xenophagy and mitophagy [156]. The gene discussed is RMDN3; the disease is cystic fibrosis.