Moreover, NfL was also detected in brain-derived circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) in the serum of mice in the bilateral carotid artery occlusion model, as well as in EVs isolated from the human prefrontal cortex of mixed Alzheimer’s disease cases with cerebrovascular lesions, including CSVD and cortical microinfarcts [37]. This evidence concerns the gene NEFL and Alzheimer disease.