The reduction in miR-195 levels has been further validated in a human brain parietal cortex and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples, which are associated with the ApoE4+/− genotype, disease progression (presented by clinical dementia rating scores and phospho-tau levels), and cognitive decline (measured by mini-mental state examination [MMSE]) during early AD development. The gene discussed is MAPT; the disease is Alzheimer disease.