PSEN1 and Cognitive impairment: These changes will affect synaptic function, leading to neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment [124,125,126,127].The Nrf2 upregulation induced by antioxidant therapy was shown to enhance thioredoxin-1(TrX-1), inhibit the formation of nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat-related (NLR) family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammatory bodies and improve neuronal apoptosis in amyloid precursor protein plus presenilin-1 (APP/PS1) mice [129].