Approximately half of all melanomas have v-Raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B (BRAF) mutations, and 80–90% of these mutations are a missense V600E mutation, where the wild-type amino acid 600 (a valine) is replaced by a glutamic acid residue, resulting in the constitutive activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) and extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) signaling [5]. The gene discussed is BRAF; the disease is melanoma.