TLR4 and colitis: In this study, we investigated the effectiveness and the mechanisms of action of micronized PGA in a murine model of colitis induced by the 2,4-dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (DNBS) and assessed the in vivo effects of orally administered micronized PGA on (i) colitis severity, (ii) mucosal inflammation and immune cells infiltration, (iii) release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and (iv) NLRP3 and TLR-4 intestinal activation in a resolution phase of intestinal inflammation.