The sequel of events triggered by TLR-4 activation, including NF-kB and NLRP3 activation, and the release of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, are considered the most involved in persistent intestinal inflammation triggering and maintenance during colitis [8,14], and HIV-1 Tat-induced diarrhea [33]. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is colitis.