In summary, different specific lymphocyte populations are present in human pulmonary TB, involving Th1/Th2/Th17/Treg cells, which produce cytokines such as IL-1β, -6, -12, -17, IFN-γ, and TNF-α that converge with IL-10 and IL-4 and chemokines such as IL-8, CXCL-9, -10, and CCL4 to control M. tuberculosis intracellular growth. The gene discussed is IFNG; the disease is pulmonary tuberculosis.