TGFB1 and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: Except that, we surprisingly found that exogenous TGF-β1 reactivated the Smad3 without the presence of HSC70, which concluded that the effect of DJ-1/HSC70 on Smad3 is separate and concurrent with that of TGF-β1 on Smad3 in ESCC.