PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors are the mainstay of systemic treatment for aNSCLC in patients without therapeutically actionable tumor genomic aberrations, such as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations, anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) translocations or ROS proto-oncogene 1 (ROS1) fusions1–3. Here, CD274 is linked to neoplasm.