IFNG and neoplasm: Although both T cell- and tumor-intrinsic IFN-γ signaling are required for ICB response, surprisingly, our original characterizations of TILs isolated from melanomas with knockdown of the essential IFN-γ receptor 1 (IFNγR1KD) did not reveal overt changes of the CD8+/Treg ratio9, a commonly used index of TILs’ effector function.