CD40LG and malaria: For stratifying the prevalence by diagnostic tests for influenza virus, the pooled prevalence of malaria and influenza virus co-infection among febrile patients was 31.0% in the study using ELISA IgM (95% CI: 25.0–38.0%), 0% in studies using ELISA IgM/IgG/PCR (95% CI: 0–2.0%), 2.0% in studies using PCR (95% CI: 1.0–4.0%, I2: 97.7%), and 5.0% in studies that did not specify the diagnostic method for influenza virus (95% CI: 4.0–6.0%, I2: 99.5%).