TNF and neurodegenerative disease: The persistent production of proinflammatory mediators or cytokines, such as nitric oxide (NO), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1 and IL-6, exacerbates neuroinflammation, causing neuronal damage and further leading to neurodegenerative diseases [5,6].