BNP is produced by ventricular myocytes in response to any kind of damage to the cardiovascular system, including increased myocardial wall stress, and plays a major role in HF pathophysiology, by counteracting the detrimental effects of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) and sympathetic nervous system activation through their diuretic, natriuretic, vasodilator and anti-hypertrophic properties [22]. This evidence concerns the gene NPPB and hydrops fetalis.